Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional/methods , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: La desproporción prótesis-paciente (DPP) tras cirugía valvular ocurre cuando el área efectiva de orificio protésico (AEO) es fisiológicamente demasiado pequeño en relación con el tamaño del paciente, lo que resulta en gradientes postoperatorios elevados. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se analizaron pacientes con estenosis aórtica sometidos a reemplazo de válvula aórtica durante el año 2010. Se calculó AEO/ASC postoperatorio, si AEO/ASC fue menor de 0,85 cm2/ m2 el paciente fue clasificado como desproporción prótesis-paciente. Los eventos clínicos analizados fueron: mortalidad por cualquier causa, recambio valvular, internación por insuficiencia cardiaca y la capacidad funcional al momento de la encuesta. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas para analizar las características de la población. Las variables categóricas se expresaron en porcentaje y las variables continuas en promedio y desviación estándar. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software IBM® SPSS® 19. Resultados: Se analizaron 26 pacientes sometidos a reemplazo de válvula aórtica con un seguimiento a 6 años, 13 de ellos presentaron DPP y mayor porcentaje de disnea, internación por insuficiencia cardiaca y muerte por cualquier causa. La combinación de eventos clínicos en este grupo de pacientes fue del 53,9%. Conclusión: Se observó un mayor número de eventos cardiovasculares en aquellos pacientes que con des- proporción prótesis-paciente.
Abstract: Background: Prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) after aortic valve replacement is related to inferior long-term outcomes. The study aim was to describe the rate of cardiovascular events in patients with or without PPM. Methods: The study was based on a retrospective analysis of information obtained from the electronic medical record. All patients undergoing aortic valve replacement, with or without revascularization surgery during 2010 were included. The effective orifice area (EOA) of the prothesis was obtained based on prosthetic valve data from echocardiography recommendations, was related to body surface area (BSA). PPM was diagnosed when EOA / BSA was < 0.85 cm2/m2. Clinical results were evaluated in January 2017 through our electronic medical record data base and a telephone interview. Helsinki criteria for clinical research were respected. Results: 26 patients were analyzed (20 males) with mean age 64 (SD 11.5) years old. A mechanical prosthesis was implanted in 10 patients and a biological one in the remaining subjects. 13 patients had DPP (EOA/BSA 0.77 ± 0.06). At a mean follow up period of 2190 days 44% were in functional class (NYHA) II-III, 31% had been re-hospitalized for heart failure and 8% had died from cardiac causes (overall death rate 31%). The combined outcome rate (overall death, hospitalization for heart failure or re-replacement of the valve) was 54%. Among the 13 patients without PPM, 31% were in functional class II-III, there were no hospitalizations for heart failure and only 4 patients had died from cardiac causes. Combined outcome rate was 23%. Conclusions: PPM was a marker of poorer clinical results on a long term follow up of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. Inferential statistical analysis was not performed due to the relatively low number of patients included.